Portulaca grandiflora(Portulacaceae) - Moss Rose

Portulaca grandiflora (Moss Rose)

1. Scientific name and Basic Taxonomic classification

Species: Portulaca grandiflora

Family: Portulacaceae

Genus: Portulaca

Related Herbs from the same family:

Portulaca oleracea (Purslane/Common Purslane): A highly valued medicinal and culinary herb in many traditions, including Ayurveda where it is known as "Lona" or "Bṛhatphenuka". It is used as a cooling, diuretic, and anti-inflammatory agent, particularly for urinary and digestive tract issues.

Talinum triangulare (Ceylon Spinagh/Waterleaf): A leafy vegetable used in various cuisines, known for its mucilaginous and nutritive properties. It is considered cooling and is used in traditional systems to support health.

Lewis species (Bitterroot): Native to North America, some species were used by indigenous peoples for food and medicine, though they are less referenced in Ayurvedic texts.

The Portulacaceae family is characterized by succulent plants, often with fleshy leaves and stems. Many members are adapted to dry climates and possess mucilaginous properties, which contribute to their demulcent and cooling medicinal effects.

2. Common names

Scientific Name: Portulaca grandiflora | English: Moss Rose, Sun Plant, Rose Moss | Sanskrit: Not widely mentioned in classical texts, but may be referred to by names associated with similar plants like "Chhota Lona" | Hindi: Gul-e-Sheem, Nau Baheri Phool | Tamil: Pachchaippu | Telugu: Goddu Pavelli | Kannada: Alvalepala | Malayalam: Punarva | Marathi: Ghol | Bengali: Baro Muniya | Chinese: Bàn zhī lián (半枝莲) | Japanese: Matsuba botán (松葉牡丹) |

3. Medicinal Uses:Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic (fever-reducing), Detoxifying, Hepatoprotective (liver-protecting), Mild Laxative, Antimicrobial.

Medicinal Parts:The aerial parts of the plant, including the stems, leaves, and flowers, are used for medicinal purposes.

4. Phytochemicals specific to the plant and their action.

Betalain Pigments (Betacyanins, Betaxanthins): These are the pigments that give the flowers their vibrant red, pink, and yellow colors. Their primary actions are potent Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory, helping to neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation.

Flavonoids (Apigenin, Luteolin, Kaempferol): Common plant antioxidants. Their actions are Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and they contribute to potential Anticancer properties by inhibiting cell proliferation.

Polysaccharides (Mucilage): The succulent stems and leaves contain mucilaginous polysaccharides. Their action is Demulcent (soothing to membranes), Laxative (mild, bulk-forming), and they may support Immune Modulation.

Alkaloids (Portulacine): Unique alkaloids found in Portulaca species. Research is ongoing, but they may contribute to the plant's Antimicrobial and potential Neuroprotective effects.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Alpha-Linolenic Acid - ALA): While higher in P. oleracea, P. grandiflora also contains some ALA, an essential fatty acid with Anti-inflammatory and Cardioprotective benefits.

5. Traditional and Ethnobotanical uses covering the Medicinal uses.

Visarp (Herpes Zoster) & Visha (Toxic Conditions)

Formulation: Fresh plant juice or poultice.

Preparation & Use: The fresh aerial parts are crushed to extract the juice, which is applied topically to areas affected by shingles, eczema, or insect bites. It is also taken internally in small doses for its detoxifying effect.

Reasoning: The plant's cooling (Sheeta) property and anti-inflammatory action help reduce the burning sensation, redness, and swelling associated with these conditions. It is considered a blood purifier.

Yakrit Vikara (Liver Disorders)

Formulation: Decoction of the plant.

Preparation & Use: A weak decoction of the stems and leaves is consumed to support liver function and in cases of mild jaundice.

Reasoning: The antioxidants and betalains in the plant exhibit Hepatoprotective properties, helping to shield liver cells from toxin-induced damage.

Jwara (Fever) & Daha (Burning Sensation)

Formulation: Plant juice or infusion.

Preparation & Use: The juice of the fresh plant is mixed with a little water and consumed to reduce fevers, especially those with a significant burning sensation.

Reasoning: Its Sheeta Virya (cooling potency) and antipyretic properties help pacify Pitta dosha, which is responsible for heat and inflammation in the body.

Vibandha (Constipation)

Formulation: Consumption of the fresh plant.

Preparation & Use: The mucilaginous leaves and stems are consumed raw in salads or as a cooked vegetable to provide a mild laxative effect.

Reasoning: The dietary fiber and mucilage add bulk to the stool and soften it, promoting smooth bowel movements.

6. Healing recipes, Teas, Decoctions and Culinary use (if any):

Primarily used as an ornamental plant, its medicinal use is more common in folk traditions. However just like its cousin Portulaca oleracea you can use this too in Salads.

Soothing Skin Wash for Eczema and Rashes

Purpose: To reduce inflammation and itching from skin conditions.

Preparation & Use:

• Take a handful of fresh Portulaca grandiflora leaves and stems.

• Boil them in two cups of water for 10-15 minutes.

• Allow the decoction to cool completely.

• Strain and use the liquid to wash the affected area 2-3 times a day.

Skin Soothing Poultice

Purpose: To relieve itching, inflammation, and pain from insect bites, minor burns, or shingles.

Preparation & Use:

• Take a handful of fresh Portulaca grandiflora leaves, stems, and flowers.

• Crush them into a fine paste.

• Apply this paste directly to the affected area and leave it for 15-20 minutes before rinsing.

Cooling Infusion for Fever

Purpose: To reduce body heat and fever.

Preparation & Use:

• Steep a few fresh stems and leaves in a cup of hot water for 10 minutes.

• Strain and allow it to cool.

• Sip this infusion 1-2 times a day.

Detoxifying Juice

Purpose: For blood purification and liver support (use with caution and in small quantities).

Preparation & Use:

• Clean and blend a small handful of the fresh aerial parts with a cup of water.

• Strain the mixture to get the juice.

• Consume no more than 1-2 tablespoons per day.

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7. In-Depth Phytochemical Profile and Clinical Significance of Portulaca grandiflora (Moss Rose)

Introduction

Portulaca grandiflora, the common Moss Rose, is primarily cultivated as a vibrant ornamental plant for its showy, colorful flowers. However, beneath its horticultural appeal lies a significant, though often overlooked, medicinal profile. Its chemistry is dominated by a unique class of pigments, the betalains, alongside a diverse range of flavonoids, setting it apart from its relative, P. oleracea. Its traditional uses focus on hepatoprotection, detoxification, and as a topical anti-inflammatory agent.

1. Betalains (The Signature Pigments)

Key Compounds:

• Betacyanins: Portulacaxanthin I, II, and III (unique to Portulaca), responsible for the brilliant magenta, red, and purple hues.

• Betaxanthins: Indicaxanthin (yellow pigments), contributing to yellow and orange flower colors.

Actions and Clinical Relevance:The presence of betalains, instead of anthocyanins, is a key taxonomic and functional marker.

• Potent Antioxidant: Betalains are powerful free radical scavengers and metal chelators, often exceeding the antioxidant capacity of many common flavonoids. This makes the flowers a valuable source of antioxidants for combating oxidative stress.

• Hepatoprotective: The betalain-rich extracts of P. grandiflora have demonstrated significant protective effects against liver toxicity in studies, normalizing liver enzyme levels and reducing oxidative damage in hepatocytes.

• Anti-inflammatory: Betacyanins inhibit pro-inflammatory pathways, including the NF-κB pathway, supporting the traditional use of the plant paste for soothing inflamed skin and wounds.

2. Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids

Key Compounds:

• Flavonoids: Myricetin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, and their glycosides (e.g., Myricitrin).

• Phenolic Acids: Gallic acid, p-Coumaric acid, Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid.

Actions and Clinical Relevance:The flavonoid profile complements and synergizes with the betalains.

• Antioxidant Synergy: The flavonoids provide a complementary antioxidant mechanism, broadening the spectrum of free radicals neutralized by the plant extract.

• Antimicrobial & Wound Healing: Flavonoids like myricetin and quercetin have documented activity against bacteria and fungi. Combined with the anti-inflammatory action, this makes P. grandiflora a effective topical agent for minor cuts, burns, and skin infections.

• Vascular Protection: Myricetin and quercetin are known to improve capillary integrity and possess anti-edema properties.

3. Other Critical Compounds

Key Compounds:

• Musilage: Polysaccharide-rich mucilage, particularly in the stems and leaves.

• Fatty Acids: Linoleic acid (Omega-6) and other lipids present in smaller quantities.

Actions and Clinical Relevance:

• Demulcent & Emollient: The mucilage provides a soothing, cooling effect on the skin and mucous membranes, useful for minor burns, irritations, and dry skin.

• Nutritional Value: Provides a minor source of essential fatty acids.

An Integrated View of Healing in Portulaca grandiflora

The therapeutic value of Portulaca grandiflora is centered on the powerful synergy between its unique pigments and its supportive phenolics.

• For Hepatoprotection and Detoxification: The Betalains act as the primary antioxidant shield, protecting liver cells from toxin-induced damage by neutralizing free radicals. The Flavonoids (e.g., Myricetin) further bolster this defense and may enhance the liver's own detoxification enzymes, making it a comprehensive, albeit less common, liver tonic.

• For Topical Skin Health and Wound Care: The application of a poultice brings together multiple actions. The Betalains and Flavonoids provide a combined anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect, reducing redness and preventing infection. Simultaneously, the Mucilage acts as a demulcent, forming a protective, hydrating layer over the wound or burn to promote healing and soothe pain.

• As a Novel Source of Antioxidants: The flowers of P. grandiflora represent an underutilized source of potent betalain antioxidants. Their integration into the diet or as a topical extract could provide significant protection against oxidative stress, aging, and inflammation-related conditions.

Disclaimer:

Portulaca grandiflora is primarily an ornamental plant, and its medicinal use is based on folk tradition and preliminary research. It is crucial to exercise caution. The plant contains oxalates, which in large quantities can be problematic for individuals with kidney stones or gout. It is not recommended for pregnant or lactating women due to a lack of safety data. The distinction between P. grandiflora (ornamental) and P. oleracea (culinary/medicinal) is important; the latter is more established for internal use. Always consult with a healthcare professional or a qualified herbalist before using this plant for therapeutic purposes. This information is for educational purposes only.

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8. Reference Books, Books for In-depth Study:

• Indian Materia Medica by Dr. K.M. Nadkarni (look for entries on Portulaca species)

• The Wealth of India - A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials & Industrial Products

• Chinese Medicinal Herbs (for reference to its use in Traditional Chinese Medicine as Ban Zhi Lian)

9. Further study: Plants that might interest you due to similar medicinal properties

1. Portulaca oleracea (Purslane)* Species: Portulaca oleracea | Family: Portulacaceae | Genus: Portulaca* Similarities: This is the most closely related and well-documented medicinal species. It shares the high antioxidant content, mucilaginous nature, and cooling properties. P. oleracea is more nutritious, with higher levels of Omega-3 fatty acids, and has a much longer history of safe use as a food and medicine.

2. Aloe vera (Kumari)* Species: Aloe vera | Family: Asphodelaceae | Genus: Aloe* Similarities: Both plants have succulent leaves with cooling, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. They are both used topically for burns, skin irritations, and internally for their detoxifying and mild laxative effects. Aloe vera gel is more extensively studied and widely used.

3. Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola/Mandukaparni)* Species: Centella asiatica | Family: Apiaceae | Genus: Centella* Similarities: Both are used for skin health and wound healing. While Gotu Kola is a premier Medhya Rasayana (brain tonic) for cognitive function, it shares the anti-inflammatory and detoxifying properties with Portulaca grandiflora, and both are used to treat skin conditions topically.

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